Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) in drinking water
3,848 active public water systems in 39 states had a Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) violation in the past three years, and 3,848 had one in the latest quarter of EPA's data.
You are on Tapcensus, an independent guide to the EPA compliance records of every public water system in the United States. This page explains Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) and lists the water systems whose records include a related violation. It does not show measured levels.
Is Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) in the records for your water system?
Enter a ZIP code, town, or street address to see the water systems that serve your area, their status, and which rules and contaminants appear in their violations.
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What it is and where it comes from
The 2021 LCRR updated the 1991 LCR with mandatory lead service line inventories and replacement planning, a new 'trigger level' at 10 ppb requiring optimization, and strengthened public education. The 2024 Lead and Copper Rule Improvements (LCRI) further requires replacing all lead service lines within 10 years.
Health effects
Same as Lead and Copper Rule (5000). Violations typically reflect failure to complete the required lead service line inventory or submit a required replacement plan. Lead service lines are the primary source of lead at the tap in many older systems.
The standard and what a violation means
EPA limit: Lead action level: 15 ppb (trigger level: 10 ppb); copper action level: 1.3 mg/L.
Water systems with a Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) violation, by state
Active public water systems that reported at least one related violation to EPA in the past three years. Each state links to the list of its affected systems.
| State | Systems with violations, 3 yr | Share of active systems | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | 844 | 11% | 844 |
| Texas | 823 | 11% | 823 |
| Connecticut | 319 | 14% | 319 |
| Missouri | 285 | 10% | 285 |
| Kansas | 233 | 24% | 233 |
| Oklahoma | 137 | 11% | 137 |
| Arizona | 128 | 7% | 128 |
| Illinois | 113 | 2% | 113 |
| New Mexico | 97 | 8% | 97 |
| Georgia | 82 | 3% | 82 |
| Ohio | 81 | 2% | 81 |
| Michigan | 69 | 1% | 69 |
| Idaho | 68 | 3% | 68 |
| Colorado | 60 | 3% | 60 |
| New York | 53 | 1% | 53 |
| Arkansas | 46 | 5% | 46 |
| Vermont | 46 | 3% | 46 |
| Wisconsin | 43 | 0% | 43 |
| Nebraska | 42 | 3% | 42 |
| Indiana | 39 | 1% | 39 |
| Louisiana | 38 | 3% | 38 |
| North Carolina | 36 | 1% | 36 |
| Virginia | 27 | 1% | 27 |
| Oregon | 24 | 1% | 24 |
| Alaska | 22 | 2% | 22 |
| Maryland | 19 | 1% | 19 |
| New Jersey | 17 | 0% | 17 |
| Alabama | 9 | 2% | 9 |
| South Carolina | 8 | 1% | 8 |
| South Dakota | 7 | 1% | 7 |
| Kentucky | 6 | 1% | 6 |
| Nevada | 6 | 1% | 6 |
| Minnesota | 5 | 0% | 5 |
| Washington | 5 | 0% | 5 |
| Massachusetts | 3 | 0% | 3 |
| Wyoming | 3 | 0% | 3 |
| District of Columbia | 2 | 14% | 2 |
| North Dakota | 2 | 1% | 2 |
| Utah | 1 | 0% | 1 |
Largest water systems with a Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) violation
The ten biggest systems, by people served, whose records include a related violation in the past three years.
| System | Serves | Status | Rules violated, 3 yr | Unresolved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Scwa Laguna/vineyard Sacramento County |
188,417 | 1 | 1 | |
|
McAllen Public Utility Hidalgo County |
145,050 | 1 | 0 | |
|
City of Columbia Utilities Boone County |
126,254 | 1 | 1 | |
|
Ann Arbor Ann Arbor · Washtenaw County |
123,851 | 1 | 1 | |
|
City of Fairfield Fairfield · Solano County |
120,720 | 1 | 1 | |
|
Vallecitos WD San Diego County |
114,700 | 1 | 1 | |
|
City of Leander Williamson County |
98,330 | 4 | 3 | |
|
City of Bryan Brazos County |
91,031 | 1 | 0 | |
|
Snow Summit San Bernardino County |
75,500 | 3 | 1 | |
|
Lorain City PWS Lorain County |
64,152 | 2 | 1 |
About this data
A system is counted once if any of its violations in the past three years involved Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR), including monitoring and reporting lapses. Rules violated and status in the systems table are for the whole system, not Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) alone. Counts cover active systems in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Source: the U.S. EPA's Enforcement and Compliance History Online system (ECHO), which publishes the federal Safe Drinking Water Information System. EPA's terms and values are shown as published. The records are from EPA's data refresh of Oct 7, 2026; EPA refreshes this data quarterly, and states report to EPA with a lag of three to six months, so the newest violations may not appear yet.