Contaminants and rules in North Carolina water systems
84 different rules and contaminants appear in the past three years of violation records for North Carolina's 5,009 active public water systems. The tables show how many systems each one affected and how many of those violations are still unresolved. Most entries are monitoring, reporting, or notification lapses rather than confirmed contamination.
Microbial
Bacteria and the rules that test for them. Health-based when a sample is positive.
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revised Total Coliform Rule (RTCR) | 8000 | 800 | 16% | 256 |
| E. coli (Escherichia coli) | 3014 | 129 | 3% | 126 |
Inorganic Chemical
Naturally occurring or from fertilizer and industry. Each has a maximum contaminant level.
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate | 1040 | 229 | 5% | 0 |
| Nitrite | 1041 | 15 | 0% | 0 |
| Arsenic | 1005 | 7 | 0% | 1 |
| Beryllium | 1075 | 7 | 0% | 1 |
| Barium | 1010 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
| Cadmium | 1015 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
| Chromium | 1020 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
| Cyanide | 1024 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
| Fluoride | 1025 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
| Mercury | 1035 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
| Nickel | 1036 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
| Selenium | 1045 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
| Antimony | 1074 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
| Thallium | 1085 | 6 | 0% | 0 |
Disinfection Byproduct
Formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter in the water.
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5) | 2456 | 253 | 5% | 28 |
| TTHM (Total Trihalomethanes) | 2950 | 234 | 5% | 34 |
| Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule | 0600 | 3 | 0% | 3 |
| Chlorite | 1009 | 2 | 0% | 0 |
Treatment Technique
Rules that require a process, such as corrosion control or disinfection, rather than a measured limit.
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) | 5000 | 423 | 8% | 422 |
| Chlorine (MRDL) | 0999 | 150 | 3% | 18 |
| Lead and Copper Rule Revisions (LCRR) | 5200 | 36 | 1% | 36 |
| Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule | 0300 | 9 | 0% | 3 |
| Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) | 0200 | 5 | 0% | 1 |
| Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2) | 0800 | 1 | 0% | 0 |
| Groundwater Rule (GWR) | 0700 | 1 | 0% | 1 |
Monitoring and Reporting
Administrative requirements. No direct health risk from the violation itself.
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public Notification Rule | 7500 | 239 | 5% | 239 |
| Consumer Confidence Rule (CCR) | 7000 | 62 | 1% | 62 |
Volatile Organic Compound
Solvents and fuel components, usually monitored as a group, which is why the counts are similar.
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| o-Dichlorobenzene | 2968 | 27 | 1% | 1 |
| Vinyl Chloride | 2976 | 27 | 1% | 1 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride | 2982 | 27 | 1% | 1 |
| Trichloroethylene (TCE) | 2984 | 27 | 1% | 1 |
| Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) | 2987 | 27 | 1% | 1 |
| 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | 2378 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 2380 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| Xylenes, Total | 2955 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) | 2964 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| p-Dichlorobenzene | 2969 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| 1,1-Dichloroethylene | 2977 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene | 2979 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| 1,2-Dichloroethane | 2980 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| 1,1,1-Trichloroethane | 2981 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| 1,2-Dichloropropane | 2983 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | 2985 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| Chlorobenzene | 2989 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| Benzene | 2990 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| Toluene | 2991 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| Ethylbenzene | 2992 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| Styrene | 2996 | 26 | 1% | 1 |
| Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) | 2946 | 13 | 0% | 1 |
Organic Chemical
Industrial and synthetic organic chemicals with a maximum contaminant level.
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hexachlorocyclopentadiene | 2042 | 16 | 0% | 1 |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate | 2039 | 15 | 0% | 1 |
| Hexachlorobenzene | 2274 | 15 | 0% | 1 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | 2306 | 13 | 0% | 1 |
| Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) | 2383 | 13 | 0% | 1 |
| 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) | 2931 | 12 | 0% | 1 |
| Di(2-ethylhexyl) Adipate | 2035 | 11 | 0% | 1 |
| Pentachlorophenol | 2326 | 8 | 0% | 1 |
Pesticide
Pesticides and herbicides, monitored as a group.
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heptachlor Epoxide | 2067 | 18 | 0% | 1 |
| Endrin | 2005 | 16 | 0% | 1 |
| BHC-Gamma (Lindane) | 2010 | 16 | 0% | 1 |
| Methoxychlor | 2015 | 16 | 0% | 1 |
| Heptachlor | 2065 | 15 | 0% | 1 |
| Dalapon | 2031 | 14 | 0% | 1 |
| Chlordane | 2959 | 14 | 0% | 1 |
| Toxaphene | 2020 | 13 | 0% | 1 |
| Simazine | 2037 | 11 | 0% | 1 |
| Atrazine | 2050 | 11 | 0% | 1 |
| Alachlor (Lasso) | 2051 | 11 | 0% | 1 |
| Oxamyl (Vydate) | 2036 | 8 | 0% | 1 |
| Picloram | 2040 | 8 | 0% | 1 |
| Dinoseb | 2041 | 8 | 0% | 1 |
| 2,4-D | 2105 | 8 | 0% | 1 |
| 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) | 2110 | 8 | 0% | 1 |
| Carbofuran | 2046 | 7 | 0% | 1 |
Radionuclide
Naturally occurring radioactive elements in groundwater.
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Radium (-226 and -228) | 4010 | 25 | 0% | 4 |
| Gross Alpha, Excl. Radon and U | 4000 | 22 | 0% | 5 |
| Combined Uranium | 4006 | 17 | 0% | 3 |
| Radium-226 | 4020 | 10 | 0% | 1 |
| Radium-228 | 4030 | 10 | 0% | 1 |
Other rules
| Rule or contaminant | Code | North Carolina systems with violations, 3 yr | Share | In violation, latest quarter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon, Total | 2920 | 13 | 0% | 4 |
| Chloramine | 1006 | 2 | 0% | 0 |
| Chlorine dioxide | 1008 | 2 | 0% | 0 |
About this data
A system is counted once per rule if any of its violations in the past three years involved that rule, including monitoring and reporting lapses. In violation, latest quarter counts systems whose contaminant list for the latest official quarter in EPA's data, or new violations reported since, includes this entry. Share is of the 5,009 active North Carolina systems.
Source: the U.S. EPA's Enforcement and Compliance History Online system (ECHO), which publishes the federal Safe Drinking Water Information System. EPA's terms and values are shown as published. The North Carolina records are from EPA's data refresh of Oct 7, 2026; EPA refreshes this data quarterly, and states report to EPA with a lag of three to six months, so the newest violations may not appear yet. Retrieved from ECHO on Oct 11, 2026.