Kiowa

Treatment Technique Violation, health-based: 1 violation, May 2025 to May 2025. The system did not carry out a required treatment process or corrective action.

Contaminant on the record: Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule.

Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, health effects: Violations indicate failure to meet treatment technique requirements that reduce exposure to Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and other microbial pathogens. Cryptosporidium poses the greatest risk to immunocompromised individuals, infants, and the elderly, and can cause severe or fatal illness in vulnerable populations. Limit: Treatment technique — no numeric MCL; compliance means meeting turbidity limits (0.3 NTU in 95% of monthly samples) and Cryptosporidium removal benchmarks

Treatment Technique Violation, health-based: 1 violation, Dec 2025 to Dec 2025. The system did not carry out a required treatment process or corrective action.

What the rule requires: All systems using surface water (rivers, lakes, reservoirs) or groundwater under surface influence (GWUDI) must filter and disinfect. Treatment technique violations mean the system failed to maintain adequate disinfectant residual, exceeded turbidity limits, or lacked required permits. Snowmelt and storm events can raise turbidity and pathogen loads in surface water.

Health effects: Without proper filtration/disinfection: Giardia lamblia (severe diarrhea, cramping), Cryptosporidium (life-threatening for immunocompromised individuals), viruses (hepatitis A, norovirus). Turbidity itself is not a health risk but can shield pathogens from disinfection. Limit: Treatment technique: turbidity ≤0.3 NTU in 95% of monthly samples; detectable disinfectant residual in 95% of distribution samples

Treatment Technique Violation, health-based: 5 violations, Apr 2024 to Jun 2026. The system did not carry out a required treatment process or corrective action.

Contaminant on the record: Carbon, Total.

Maximum Contaminant Level Violation, health-based: 5 violations, Jul 2023 to Jun 2026. A sample exceeded the maximum contaminant level EPA allows in drinking water.

Contaminants on the record: Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5), TTHM (Total Trihalomethanes).

Total Haloacetic Acids (HAA5), health effects: Dichloroacetic acid is a probable human carcinogen (Group B2). Long-term exposure to trichloroacetic acid may also increase cancer risk. Animal studies show liver, kidney, and reproductive effects at high doses. Limit: 0.060 mg/L (60 ppb) locational running annual average (LRAA)

TTHM (Total Trihalomethanes), health effects: Long-term exposure is associated with increased bladder cancer risk. Some studies link high TTHM exposure to adverse reproductive outcomes. Bromodichloromethane is classified as a possible human carcinogen. Limit: 0.080 mg/L (80 ppb) locational running annual average (LRAA)

Other Violation: 1 violation, Oct 2022 to Jul 2023. A requirement other than monitoring, reporting, or a contaminant limit, such as public notice or the annual water quality report.

What the rule requires: Community water systems must deliver an annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report) to all customers by July 1, covering the previous year. It must list all detected contaminants, compare them to MCLs, identify source water, and include educational language about lead. A violation means the report was not delivered on time or was incomplete.