Tapcensus

Combined Radium (-226 and -228) violations in South Dakota

7 active public water systems in South Dakota had a Combined Radium (-226 and -228) violation in the past three years. What Combined Radium (-226 and -228) is and why it matters.

Health effects: Radium is a bone-seeking radionuclide that accumulates in skeletal tissue after ingestion. Long-term exposure increases the risk of bone cancer and leukemia. There is no safe threshold for ionizing radiation — the MCL is set at a level balancing risk reduction with treatment feasibility. Children are particularly vulnerable due to higher rates of bone growth and calcium uptake.

Systems with a Combined Radium (-226 and -228) violation

Latest quarter first, then largest first
SystemServesStatusRules violated, 3 yrUnresolved
Box Elder
Box Elder · Pennington County
14,000 1 0
Standing Rock Rural Water System
County
6,839 4 1
St. Francis
County
2,450 5 2
Pine Ridge Hospital
County
316 7 0
Vivos Xpoint
Del Mar, Edgemont · Fall River County
40 4 1
Darlington Estates
Rapid City · Pennington County
25 2 0
Provo Area Water System
Edgemont · Fall River County
25 4 1
About this data

A system is counted once if any of its violations in the past three years involved Combined Radium (-226 and -228), including monitoring and reporting lapses. Rules violated and status in the table are for the whole system, not Combined Radium (-226 and -228) alone.

Source: the U.S. EPA's Enforcement and Compliance History Online system (ECHO), which publishes the federal Safe Drinking Water Information System. EPA's terms and values are shown as published. The South Dakota records are from EPA's data refresh of Oct 7, 2026; EPA refreshes this data quarterly, and states report to EPA with a lag of three to six months, so the newest violations may not appear yet.