Tapcensus

Radium-228 violations in South Dakota

3 active public water systems in South Dakota had a Radium-228 violation in the past three years. What Radium-228 is and why it matters.

Health effects: Radium-228 accumulates in bone and delivers a beta radiation dose internally, increasing the risk of bone cancer over time. It also decays to radon-220 and other short-lived isotopes, contributing additional radiation dose. As with all radionuclides there is no established safe threshold — any exposure carries some incremental cancer risk.

Systems with a Radium-228 violation

Latest quarter first, then largest first
SystemServesStatusRules violated, 3 yrUnresolved
Standing Rock Rural Water System
County 		6,839 4 1
St. Francis
County 		2,450 5 2
Pine Ridge Hospital
County 		316 7 0
About this data

A system is counted once if any of its violations in the past three years involved Radium-228, including monitoring and reporting lapses. Rules violated and status in the table are for the whole system, not Radium-228 alone.

Source: the U.S. EPA's Enforcement and Compliance History Online system (ECHO), which publishes the federal Safe Drinking Water Information System. EPA's terms and values are shown as published. The South Dakota records are from EPA's data refresh of Oct 7, 2026; EPA refreshes this data quarterly, and states report to EPA with a lag of three to six months, so the newest violations may not appear yet.